Сучасний погляд на проблему болю при хворобі Паркінсона (огляд літератури)

Автор(и)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30978/UNJ2025-1-5

Ключові слова:

хвороба Паркінсона; класифікація болю; патогенез; клінічна характеристика; діагностика; терапевтичні підходи.

Анотація

Хвороба Паркінсона (ХП), яка вважається другим за поширеністю нейродегенеративним захворюванням після хвороби Альцгеймера, традиційно вважається захворюванням із переважно моторними симптомами. Проте біль, як один із поширених немоторних симптомів (40—85 %), досі залишається недооціненим та часто ігнорується в клінічній практиці. У 5 % пацієнтів біль може бути першим виявом хвороби. Запропоновано низку класифікацій болю при ХП (м’язово-скелетний, невропатичний, дистонічний, акатизійний, ноципластичний), які використовують різні підходи (етіологічний, механістичний, за моторним статусом, за механізмом болю), але жодний із них не став єдиним загальновизнаним. Важливо диференціювати біль, пов’язаний із ХП, від іншого болю. Це ускладнюється наявністю комбінації різних типів болю в одного хворого, перекриттям виявів ноцицептивного та нейропатичного болю, коморбідністю, властивою літнім пацієнтам, розвитком у них депресії. З одного боку, це вказує на складність патогенезу болю, адже відомо, що біль при ХП тісно пов’язаний із дофамінергічною дисфункцією, нейрозапаленням та порушенням антиноцицептивних механізмів. Оптимізація дофамінергічної терапії часто не дає очікуваного аналгетичного ефекту, що змушує шукати нові підходи. З іншого боку, гетерогенність вимірювальних шкал болю, методів оцінки та характеристик пацієнтів перешкоджає порівнянню результатів досліджень, а практичним лікарям ускладнює прийняття адекватного рішення щодо діагностики й лікування болю. Залишаються прогалини в розумінні механізмів болю, що потребує проведення мультидисциплінарних досліджень, відсутні стандартизовані протоколи терапії, але досягнуто прогресу в класифікації болю при ХП. Персоналізований підхід до діагностики й терапії може поліпшити лікування різних типів хронічного болю та якість життя пацієнтів.

Біографія автора

Т.М. ЧЕРЕНЬКО, Національний медичний університет імені О.О. Богомольця, Київ

Черенько Тетяна Макарівна
д. мед. н., проф.

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2025-03-28

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