Перспективи застосування генної терапії та нанотехнологій для лікування нейродегенеративних захворювань

Є.В. Руденко; С.М. Шоломон

doi:10.30978/UNJ2023-1-4-45

Автор(и)

Є.В. Руденко Національний медичний університет імені О.О. Богомольця, Київ, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4066-2979
С.М. Шоломон Національний медичний університет імені О.О. Богомольця, Київ, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2097-9562

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30978/UNJ2023-1-4-45

Ключові слова:

генна терапія; нейродегенеративні захворювання; неврологічні захворювання; нанотехнології; нанотехнології в неврології; генна терапія в неврології; хвороба Гантінгтона; хвороба Альцгеймера; нанотерапія; хвороба Паркінсона.

Анотація

У літературному огляді робиться спроба систематизації наукової літератури щодо можливих перспектив застосування генної терапії та нанотехнологій для лікування нейродегенеративних захворювань, таких як хвороба Альцгеймера, хвороба Паркінсона і хвороба Гантингтона. Коротко описуються ймовірні етіологія та патогенез наведених захворювань, наводяться приклади можливих генів-мішеней для проведення терапевтичного втручання. Перелічуються недоліки традиційних стратегій лікування нейродегенеративних захворювань, включаючи типові перешкоди, пов’язані зі шляхами доставки лікарських засобів, подоланням гематоенцефалічного бар’єра, токсичністю тощо. Описуються перспективи застосування нанотехнологій як технічних засобів для модифікації різних структур на молекулярному рівні для отримання бажаних характеристик. Зокрема, нанотехнології описуються як засоби, що потенційно здатні допомагати у діагностиці та лікуванні нейродегенеративних захворювань, полегшувати доставку ліків у ЦНС, підвищувати їхню ефективність тощо. Розглядається можливість використання нанокомплексів, виготовлених із застосуванням різних сучасних технологій, серед яких на особливу увагу заслуговують металеві, неорганічні, полімерні, ліпідні наночастинки тощо. Також описуються перспективи застосування генної терапії, її потенціал до лікування розладів нервової системи шляхом доставки генетичного матеріалу для виробництва молекул з терапевтичною дією. У контексті генної терапії робиться особливий акцент на технології CRISPR/Cas9, що була запроваджена для редагування генів в еукаріотичних клітинах та є економічно ефективним і перспективним методом. Таким чином, цей літературний огляд зосереджений на застосуванні нанотехнологій та генної терапії для лікування нейродегенеративних захворювань.

Біографії авторів

Є.В. Руденко, Національний медичний університет імені О.О. Богомольця, Київ

Руденко Єлизавета В’ячеславівна
студентка

С.М. Шоломон , Національний медичний університет імені О.О. Богомольця, Київ

Шоломон Світлана Миколаївна
асистент кафедри неврології

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