Фолат-центрична концепція патогенезу та персоніфікований мультидисциплінарний підхід GBINC до клінічного ведення дітей з нейропсихічними синдромами. Огляд

Автор(и)

  • Д. В. Мальцев Інститут експериментальної і клінічної медицини Національного медичного університету імені О. О. Богомольця, Київ, Україна http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-3072

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30978/UNJ2022-3-5

Ключові слова:

розлади аутистичного спектра, синдром дефіциту уваги та гіперактивності, обсесивно‑компульсивний синдром, імунодіагностика, біохімічна корекція, імунотерапія

Анотація

Вирішення проблеми дитячих нейропсихічних хвороб є пріоритетним завданням сучасної медицини. Останні наукові досягнення в царині генетики, молекулярної біології та імунології, які демонструють біохімічні та імунозалежні шляхи формування нейропсихічних розладів людини, проливають світло на механізми ураження головного мозку дітей з розлади аутистичного спектра (РАС), що дає підставу для оптимізму щодо подолання цієї тяжкої психіатричної патології в майбутньому завдяки впровадженню генетичних, біохімічних та імунодіагностичних підходів, а також метаболічних та імунотерапевтичних втручань з нейропротекторними ефектами. Нині утвердилася фолат‑центрична концепція полігенного успадкування схильності до розвитку нейропсихічних синдромів у дітей з мультисистемним ураженням організму. Обговорюють біохімічні та імунозалежні (інфекційні, автоімунні, імунозапальні та алергійні) шляхи формування мікробіндукованої автоімунної запальної енцефалопатії з нейро­психічними клінічними виявами в контексті фолат‑центричної концепції. З урахуванням нових даних запропоновано два персоніфікованих мультидисциплінарних підходи до ведення дітей з РАС та іншими нейропсихічними синдромами. Перший підхід J. J. Bradstreet зі співавт. (2010) ґрунтується на емпіричному аналізі великої групи лабораторних біомаркерів, релевантність яких продемонстрована в клінічних дослідженнях, і таргетній корекції порушень, визначених за біомаркерами (biomarker‑guided interventions). У 2022 р. R. Frye розробив прогресивніший мультидисциплінарний персоніфікований підхід під назвою BaS‑BiSTOR (collect Baseline data, search for Symptoms, measure Biomarkers, Select Treatment, Observe for Response), який систематизує і стратифікує діагностичні та лікувальні інтервенції, що ґрунтуються на оцінці біомаркерів. З метою вдосконалення існуючих рекомендацій щодо конкректних субтипів нейропсихічних синдромів у дітей запропоновано вдосконалений персоніфікований мультидисциплінарний підхід до клінічного ведення пацієнтів з РАС і нейропсихічними виявами, асоційованими з генетичним дефіцитом фолатного циклу, під назвою GBINS (Genetic‑Biochemical‑Immunological‑Neurological‑Symptomatic evaluation). Є підстави вважати, що успішна апробація в клінічній практиці персоніфікованих мультидисциплінарних стратегій діагностики і лікування, що ґрунтуються на доказах, дасть змогу здійснити в найближчому майбутньому прорив у клінічному веденні дітей з тяжкими порушеннями психіки, що не лише забезпечить можливість одужання від прогностично несприятливого і нині некурабельного нейропсихічного розладу, а й сприятиме зупинці епідемії нейропсихічних синдромів у сучасній дитячій популяції.

 

Біографія автора

Д. В. Мальцев, Інститут експериментальної і клінічної медицини Національного медичного університету імені О. О. Богомольця, Київ

к. мед. н., зав. лабораторії імунології та молекулярної біології

Посилання

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